1 Andre S, Monika S. Biology and biotechnology of Trichoderma. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2010; 87:787-799.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2632-1 |
2 Agrawal T, Kotasthane AS. Chitinolytic assay of indigenous Trichoderma isolates collected from different geographical locations of Chhattisgarh in Central India, Spinger Plus. 2012; 1:73-84.
https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-1-73 | |
3 Beak JM, Howell CR, Kenerely CM. The role of extracellular chitinase from Trichoderma viriens Gv 29-8 in the biocontrol of Rhizoctina solani. Current Genetic. 1999; 35:41-50.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002940050431 | |
4 Ahmed AS, Ezziyyani M, Sanchez CP, Candela ME. Effect of chitin on biological control activity of Bacillus Spp and Trichoderma harzianum against root rot disease in peeper (Capsicum annuum) plants. European Jounral of Plant Pathology. 2003; 109:633-637.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024734216814 | |
5 Benitez T, Rincon AM, Limon MC, Codon AC. Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. International Journal of Microbiology. 2004; 7:249-260. | |
|
6 Navazio L, Baldan B, Moscatiello R, Zuppini A, Woo SL, Mariani P, Lorito M. Calcium-mediated perception and defense responses activated in plant cells by metabolite mixtures secreted by the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride. BMC Plant Biology. 2007; 7:41-46.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-7-41 | |
|
7 Sharma P, Kumar VP, Ramesh R, Saravanan K, Deep S, Sharma M, Mahesh S, Dinesh S. Biocontrol genes from Trichoderma species- A review. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2011; 10(86):19898-19907. | |
|
8 Gajera H, Domadia R, Patel S, Kapopara M, Gloakiya B. Molecular mechanism of Trichoderma as bio-control agents against phytopathogen system - a review. Current research in Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2013; 1(4):133-142. | |
9 Beier S, Bertilsson S. Bacterial chitin degradation- mechanisms and ecophysiological strategies. Frontier in Microbiology. 2013; 4:149-160.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00149 | |
10 Ruiz-Herrera J. Fungal cell wall: structure, synthesis, and assembly. CRC Press: Boca Raton; 1992. | |
11 Schirmbock M, Lorito M, Wang YL, Hayes CK, Arisan-atac I et al. Parallel formation and synergism of hydrolytic enzymes and peptaibol antibiotics, molecular mechanisms involved in the antagonistic action of Trichoderma harzianum against phytopathogenic fungi. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 1994; 60: 4364-4370. | |
|
12 Kubicek CP, Mach RL, Peterbauer CK, Lorito M. Trichoderma: from genes to biocontrol. Journal of Plant Pathology. 2001; 83:11-23. | |
|
13 Viterbo A, Ramot O, Chernin L Chet I, Signiï¬cance of lytic enzymes from Trichoderma spp. in the biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 81 (2002) 549-556.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020553421740 | |
|
14 Gajera HP, Bambharolia RP, Patel SV, Khatrani TJ, Goalkiya BA. Antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against Macrophomin aphaseolina: Evaluation of coiling and cell wall degrading enzymatic activities. Journal of Plant Pathology and Microbiology. 2012; 3(7):149-156. | |
15 Elad Y, Chet I. Improved selective media for isolation of Trichoderma spp. or Fusarium spp. Phytoparasitica. 1983; 11:55-58.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02980712 | |
|
16 Meena SN, Development of species SCAR markers for the identification of Trichoderma species. 2009. Ph.D. thesis. University of Agricultiural Science, Dharwad. | |
|
17 Roberts WK, Selitrennifoff CP. Plant and bacterial chitinase differ in antifungal activity. Journal of General Microbiology. 1998; 134:169-176. | |
|
18 Tseng SC, Liu SY, Yang HH, Lo CT, Peng KC. Proteomic study of biocontrol mechanism of Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323 in response to Rhizoctina solani. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2008; 56:6914-6922.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf703626j | |
19 Lowry OH, Rosebrogh NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1951; 193:265-276. | |
20 Almeida FB, Cerqueira FM, Silva RN, Ulhoa CJ, Lima AL. Mycoparasitism studies of Trichoderma harzianum strains against Rhizoctonia solani: evaluation of coiling and hydrolytic enzyme production. Biotechnology Letter. 2007; 29:1189-1193.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-007-9372-z | |
21 Charney MS, Tomarelli RM. A colorimetric method for the determination of the proteolytic activity of duodenal juice. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1947; 171:501-505. | |
22 Lee YP, Takahashi T. An improved colorimetric determination of amino acids with the use of ninhydrin. Anals of Biochemistry. 1966; 14:71-77.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(66)90057-1 | |
|
23 Gomez RM, Rojas AL, Rojas AN, Cruz CR. Colloidal chitin stained with Remazol Brilliant Blue R®, a useful substrate to select chitinolytic microorganisms and to evaluate chitinases. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 2004; 56:213-219.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2003.10.011 | |
|
24 Papavizas GC. Trichoderma and Gliocladium: Biology, Ecology and potential for biocontrol. Annuual Review of Phytopathology. 1985; 23:23-54.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.23.090185.000323 | |
25 Sivan A, Chet I. Biological control of Fusarium spp in cotton, wheat and muskmelon by Trichoderma harzianum. Journal of Phytopathology. 1986; 116:39-47.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1986.tb00892.x | |
26 Calvet C, Pera J, Bera JM. Interaction of Trichoderma spp with Glomus mossaeae and two wilt pathogenic fungi. Agricultural Ecosystem and Environment. 1990; 9:59-65.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(90)90255-C | |
|
27 Elad Y, Zimand G, Zaqs Y, Zuriel S, Chet I. Use of Trichoderma harzianum in combination or alternation with fungicides to control Cucumber grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) under commercial greenhouse condition. Plant Pathology. 1993; 42:324-332.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01508.x | |
|
28 Spiegel Y, Chet I. Evaluation of Trichoderma spp as biocontrol agent against soil borne fungi and plant parasitic nematodes In Israel. Integrated Pest Management Review. 1998; 3:169-175.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009625831128 | |
|
29 Elad Y. Biological control of foliar pathogens by means of Trichoderma harzianum and potential modes of action. Crop Protection. 2000; 19:709-714.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00094-6 | |
30 Ashrafizadeh A, Etebarian HR, Zamanizadeh HR. Evaluation of Trichoderma isolates for biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of melon. Iranian Journal of Phytopathology. 2005; 41:39-57. | |
|
31 Dave N, Prajapati K, Patel A, Patel Z, Nandini D, Bariya H. Trichoderma harzianum elicits defense response in Brassica juncea plantlets. International Research Journal of Biological Science. 2013; 2(11):1-10. | |
|
32 Bhale UN, Wagh PM, Rajkonda JN. Antagonist confrontation of Trichoderma spp. against fruit rot pathogens on sapodilla (Manilkarazapota L.). Journal of Yeast and Fungal Research. 2013; 4(1):5-11. | |
|
33 Amin F, Razdan VK, Mohiddin FA, Bhat KA, Banday S. Potential of Trichoderma species as biocontrol agents of soil borne fungal propagules. Journal of Phytology. 2010; 2(10):38-41. | |
|
34 Mishra BK, Mishra RK, Mishra RC, Tiwari AK, Yadav RS, Dikshit A. Biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma viride isoaltes against fungal plant pathogens causing disease in Vigna radiate L. Archives of Applied Science Research. 2011; 3(2):361-369. | |
35 Alwathnani HA, Perveen K, Tahmaz R, Alhaqbani S. Evaluation of biological control potential of locally isolated antagonist fungi against Fusarium oxysporum under in vitro and pot condition. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2012; 6(2):312-319.
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.1367 | |
|
36 Shalini S, Kotasthane AS. Parasitism of Rhizoctonia Solani by strains of Trichoderma spp. Electronic journal of environmental, agricultural and food chemistry. 2007; 6:2272-2281. | |
37 McIntyre M, Nielsen J, Arnau J, Brink VH, Hansen K et al. Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Fungal Genetics. 2004. Copenhagen. Denmark. | |
38 El-Katany MH, Gudelj M, Robra KH, Enaghy MA, Gubitz GM. Characterization of a chitinase and an endo-1,3-glucanase from Trichoderma harzianum Rifae T24 involved in control of the phytopathogen Sclerotium rolfsii. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2001; 56:137-143.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530100646 | |
39 Monteiro VN, Silva RN, Steindorff AS, Costa FT, Noronha EF et al. New insights in Trichoderma harzianum antagonism of fungal plant pathogens by secreted protein analysis. Current Microbiology. 2010; 61:298-305.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-010-9611-8 | |
|
40 Wirth SJ, Wolf GA. Dye-labeled substrates for the assay and detection of chitinase and lysozyme activity. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 1990; 12:197-205.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(90)90031-Z | |
|
41 Cody RM. Distribution of chitinase and chitobiase in Bacillus. Current Microbiology. 1989; 19:201-205.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01570162 | |
|
42 Rojas ALI, Go'mez RM, Cruz CR. In: Muzzarelli RAA, Muzzarelli C (eds) Fermentation of shrimp waste to produce proteochitinolytic enzymes and insecticidal crystals. Chitosan in Pharmacy and Chemistry, Atec, Italy: 2001, p.479-487. | |
|
43 Fen LL, Illias RM, Kamaruddin K, Maskat MY, Hassan O. Development of rapid screening method for low-yielding chitosanase activity using Remazol Brilliant Blue-chitosan as substrate. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 2006; 38:215-219.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.06.006 | |
|
44 Brzezinski R, Mina Z, Melanie F, Jean-Sebastien T. A dye-labeled soluble substrate for the assay of endo-chitosanase activity. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2010; 80:521-524.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.12.012 | |
|
45 Vaidya RJ, Macmil SLA, Vyas PR, Chhatpar HS. The novel method for isolating chitinolytic bacteria and its application in screening for hyperchitinase producing mutant of Alcaligenes xylosoxydans. Letters of Applied Microbiology. 2003; 36:1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01274.x | |
|
46 O'Brien M, Collwell RR. A rapid test for chitinase activity that uses 4-methylumbellyferyl-N-acetyl-h-D-glucosaminide. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 1987; 53:1718-1720. | |
|
47 McCreath KJ, Gooday GW. A rapid and sensitive micro assay for determination of chitinolytic activity. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 1992; 14:229-237.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(92)90055-9 | |
|
48 Fra¨ndberg E, Schnu¨rer J. Evaluation of a chromogenic chito-oligosaccharide analogue, p-nitrophenyl-h-D-N,NV-diacetyl chitobiose, for the measurement of the chitinolytic activity of bacteria. Journal of Applied Bacteriology. 1994; 76:259-263.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb01625.x | |
|
49 Barboza CJE, Contreras JC, Vela'squezRobledo R, Bautista JM, Go'mez RM, Cruz CR, Ibarra JE. Selection of chitinolytic strains of Bacillus thuringiensis. Biotechnology Letters. 1999; 21:1125-1129.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005626208193 | |
50 Silva RN, Silva SP, Brandao RL, Ulhoa CJ. Regulation of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase produced by Trichoderma harzianum: evidence that cAMP controls its expression. Research in Microbiology. 2004; 155:667-671.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2004.05.012 | |
|
51 Mukherjee PK, Latha J, Hadar R, Horwitz BA, Tmk A. A mitogen-activated protein kinase of Trichoderma virens, is involved in biocontrol properties and repression of conidiation in the dark. Eukaryotic Cell. 2003; 2:446-455.
https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.2.3.446-455.2003 | |
|
52 Omero C, Inbar J, Rocha-Ramirez V, Herrera-Estrela A, Chet I, Horwitz BA. G proteins activators and cAMP promote mycoparasitic behavior in Trichoderma harzianum. Mycological Research. 1999; 103:1637-1642.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756299008886 | |
|
53 Marco JLD, Valadares-Inglis MC, Felix CR. Production of hydrolytic enzymes by Trichoderma isolates with antagonistic activity against Crinipellis perniciosa the causal agent of witches broom of cocoa. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2003; 34:33-38.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822003000100008 | |
|
54 Sivan A, Chet I. Degradation of fungal cell walls by lytic enzymes of Trichoderma harzianum. Microbiology. 1989; 135:675-682.
https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-135-3-675 | |
|
55 Elad Y, Chet I, Henis Y. Degradation of plant pathogenic fungi by Trichoderma harzianum. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 1982; 28:719-725.
https://doi.org/10.1139/m82-110 | |
|
56 Gajera HP, Vakharia DN. Molecular and biochemical characterization of Trichoderma isolates inhibiting a phytopathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem. Physiology and Molecular Plant Pathology. 2010; 74:274-282.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2010.04.005 | |
|
57 Haran S, Schickler H, Chet I. Molecular mechanisms of lytic enzymes involved in the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma harzianum. Microbiology. 1996; 142:2321-2331.
https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-142-9-2321 | |
|
58 Lorito M, Hayes CK, Di Pietro A, Woo SL, Harman GE. Puriï¬cation, characterization and synergistic activity of a glucan 1, 3-ß-glucosidase and an N-acetylglucosaminidase from T. harzianum. Phytopathology. 1994; 84:398-405.
https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-84-398 | |
|
59 Carsolio C, Benhamou N, Haran S, Cortés C, Gutiérrez A et al. Role of the endochitinase gene, ech42, in mycoparasitism. Applied Environment and Microbiology.1999; 65:929-935. | |
|
60 Sangle UR, Bambawale OM. New strains of Trichoderma spp strongly antagonistic against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Sesami. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology. 2004; 34:1. | |
|
61 Howell C R. Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant diseases: the history and evolution of current concepts. Plant Disease. 2003; 87:4-10.
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.1.4 | |
|
62 Dana MM, Limon MC, Mejías R, Mach RL, Benítez T et al. Regulation of chitinase 33 (chit33) gene expression in Trichoderma harzianum. Current Genetics. 2001; 38:335-342.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002940000169 | |
|
63 Benítez T, Delgado-Jarana J, Rincon AM, Rey M, Limon MC. Biofungicides: Trichoderma as a biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungi, In: Recent research developments in microbiology. Pandalai SG (edn), R | |