Antifungal effects of Kurthia gibsonii Mb 126 chitinase as a seed treatment on seed-borne fungi of rice seed on germination percentage and seedling vigor

Mini K. Paul; K. D. Mini; Jyothis Mathew

doi:10.7324/JABB.2022.100417

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Abstract

Soil and seed-borne phytopathogenic fungi are the main factors limiting crop yield in India’s agricultural sector. They attack the root of the seed before germination or seedling after germination resulting in huge deprivation in crop yield. In this scenario, it is crucial to control phytopathogenic fungi to ensure sustainable food production to the ever-increasing world population. The antifungal property of purified chitinase of Kurthia gibsonii Mb 126 was investigated by isolating fungi infected with seeds of various rice samples and then studying the effect of purified chitinase of K. gibsonii Mb 126 on these isolated fungi. The effect of K. gibsonii Mb 126 purified chitinase on the germination of rice seed infested with these isolated fungi was also investigated. Eight fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizopus oryzae, Trichoderma harzianum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium subglutinans) were isolated and identified from the different rice varieties of Kerala, India, viz Aswathy (PTB 37), Jaya, Sabari (PTB 40), Ahalya, Onam, Makam, Triveni (PTB 38), Swarnaprabha, Kairali, Pavizham, and Ponni, The frequency of isolated fungi ranged from 46% to 100% (present in all the 20 samples). The isolated fungi C. lunata, A. flavus, R. solani, and A. niger were predominated. Seeds treated with the K. gibsonii Mb 126 chitinase enzyme had a strong germination response. K. gibsonii Mb 126 chitinase proved beneficial in eliminating seed-borne fungus, boosting seed germination percentage, and seedling vigor. Farmers of our country should be aware of soil and seed-borne fungi, and they should do seed treatment with chitinase before sowing in the agricultural field, and through this strategy, they will be more benefited.

Keyword: Kurthia gibsonii Mb126 chitinase Antifungal Rice seed germination Seedling vigor

Citation:

Paul MK, Mini KD, Mathew J. Antifungal effects of Kurthia gibsonii Mb 126 chitinase as a seed treatment on seed-borne fungi of rice seed on germination percentage and seedling vigor. J App Biol Biotech. 2022;10(4):130-135. DOI: 10.7324/JABB.2022.100417

Copyright: Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license.

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Reference

1. Ganesh RN, Jayalakshmi K, Naik TB. Efficacy of fungicides on the management of sheath blight of rice. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2017;6:611-4. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.075
2. Islam MS, Rahman H, Pervez Z, Mahmud MR, Alam A. Studies on seed-borne fungi in rice cultivars grown in non-saline tidal zones of Patuakhali and their effect on seed germination. Bangladesh Res Publ J 2012;6:286-90.
3. Neergaard P. Seed Pathology. New Delhi: S. Chand and Company Ltd.; 1986.
4. Collinge DB, Kragh KM, Mikkelsen JD, Nielsen KK, Rasmussen U, Vad K. Plant chitinases. Plant J 1993;3:31-40. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.1993.t01-1-00999.x
5. Chernin, L, Ismailov Z, Haran S, Chet I. Chitinolytic Enterobacter agglomerans antagonistic to fungal plant pathogens. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995;61:1720-6. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.5.1720-1726.1995
6. Chang WT, Chen CS, Wang SL. An antifungal chitinase produced by Bacillus cereus with shrimp and crab shell powder as carbon source. Curr Microbiol 2003;47:102-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3955-7
7. Freeman S, Minzm O, Kolesnik I, Barbul O, Zveibil A, Maymon M, et al. Trichoderma biocontrol of Colletotrichum acutatum and Botrytis cinerea and survival in strawberry. Eur J Plant Pathol 2004;110:361-70. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EJPP.0000021057.93305.d9
8. Mathivanan N, Kabilan V, Murugesan K. Purification, characterization and antifungal activity of chitinase from Fusarium chlamydosporum, a mycoparasite to groundnut rust, Puccinia arachidis. Can J Microbiol 1998;44:646-51. https://doi.org/10.1139/w98-043
9. Miller GL. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars. Anal Chem 1959;31:426-8. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030
10. De Hoog GS, Guarro J, Gene J, Figueras MJ. Atlas of Clinical Fungi. 2nd ed. The Netherlands: Centraal Bureau Voor Schimmelcultures Utrecht; 2000.
11. Nghiep VH, Gaur A. Efficacy of seed treatment in improving seed quality in rice. Omonrice 2005;13:42-51.
12. Uniformity in seed quality evaluation worldwide. International seed testing association. Seed Sci Technol 1985;13:307-513.
13. Mia MA, Rahman M, Pearce D, Holderness M. Effect of seed-borne Biplaris oryzae on seed germination and disease development in the field. Bangladesh J Plant Pathol 2002;17:59-62.
14. Khan MA, Ahmad K, Ahmad J. Effect of potassium levels on the yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Pak J Biol Sci 1999;2:402-3. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.1999.402.403
15. Khan TZ, Gill MA, Khan MG. Seed-borne fungi of rice from central Punjab and their control. Pak J Phytopathol 2000;12:12-4.
16. Wahid A, Saleem M, Khan MU, Tariq H, Saleem A. Seed-borne mycoflora of rice. J Agric Res 1993;31:95-100.
17. Javaid MS, Wahid A, Idrees M, Gill MA, Saleem A. Seed mycoflora studies in rice. Pak J Phytopathol 2002;14:132-4.
18. Brooks S. Sensitivity to a Phytotoxin from Rhizoctonia solani correlates with sheath blight susceptibility in rice. Phytopathology 2007;97:1207-12. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-97-10-1207
19. Baker R. Trichoderma spp. as plant-growth stimulants. Biotechnology 1988;7:97-106. https://doi.org/10.3109/07388558809150724
20. Woodstock LW. Proceedings of the International Seed Technology Association (ISTA); 1969. p. 273-80.
21. Reyes-Ramirez A, Escudero-Abarca BI, Aguilar-Uscanga G, Hayward-Jones PM, Corona JE. Antifungal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis chitinase and its potential for the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi in soybean seeds. J Food Sci 2004;69:M131-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb10721.x

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1. Ganesh RN, Jayalakshmi K, Naik TB. Efficacy of fungicides on the management of sheath blight of rice. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2017;6:611-4. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.075

2. Islam MS, Rahman H, Pervez Z, Mahmud MR, Alam A. Studies on seed-borne fungi in rice cultivars grown in non-saline tidal zones of Patuakhali and their effect on seed germination. Bangladesh Res Publ J 2012;6:286-90.

3. Neergaard P. Seed Pathology. New Delhi: S. Chand and Company Ltd.; 1986.

4. Collinge DB, Kragh KM, Mikkelsen JD, Nielsen KK, Rasmussen U, Vad K. Plant chitinases. Plant J 1993;3:31-40. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.1993.t01-1-00999.x

5. Chernin, L, Ismailov Z, Haran S, Chet I. Chitinolytic Enterobacter agglomerans antagonistic to fungal plant pathogens. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995;61:1720-6. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.5.1720-1726.1995

6. Chang WT, Chen CS, Wang SL. An antifungal chitinase produced by Bacillus cereus with shrimp and crab shell powder as carbon source. Curr Microbiol 2003;47:102-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3955-7

7. Freeman S, Minzm O, Kolesnik I, Barbul O, Zveibil A, Maymon M, et al. Trichoderma biocontrol of Colletotrichum acutatum and Botrytis cinerea and survival in strawberry. Eur J Plant Pathol 2004;110:361-70. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EJPP.0000021057.93305.d9

8. Mathivanan N, Kabilan V, Murugesan K. Purification, characterization and antifungal activity of chitinase from Fusarium chlamydosporum, a mycoparasite to groundnut rust, Puccinia arachidis. Can J Microbiol 1998;44:646-51. https://doi.org/10.1139/w98-043

9. Miller GL. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars. Anal Chem 1959;31:426-8. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030

10. De Hoog GS, Guarro J, Gene J, Figueras MJ. Atlas of Clinical Fungi. 2nd ed. The Netherlands: Centraal Bureau Voor Schimmelcultures Utrecht; 2000.

11. Nghiep VH, Gaur A. Efficacy of seed treatment in improving seed quality in rice. Omonrice 2005;13:42-51.

12. Uniformity in seed quality evaluation worldwide. International seed testing association. Seed Sci Technol 1985;13:307-513.

13. Mia MA, Rahman M, Pearce D, Holderness M. Effect of seed-borne Biplaris oryzae on seed germination and disease development in the field. Bangladesh J Plant Pathol 2002;17:59-62.

14. Khan MA, Ahmad K, Ahmad J. Effect of potassium levels on the yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Pak J Biol Sci 1999;2:402-3. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.1999.402.403

15. Khan TZ, Gill MA, Khan MG. Seed-borne fungi of rice from central Punjab and their control. Pak J Phytopathol 2000;12:12-4.

16. Wahid A, Saleem M, Khan MU, Tariq H, Saleem A. Seed-borne mycoflora of rice. J Agric Res 1993;31:95-100.

17. Javaid MS, Wahid A, Idrees M, Gill MA, Saleem A. Seed mycoflora studies in rice. Pak J Phytopathol 2002;14:132-4.

18. Brooks S. Sensitivity to a Phytotoxin from Rhizoctonia solani correlates with sheath blight susceptibility in rice. Phytopathology 2007;97:1207-12. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-97-10-1207

19. Baker R. Trichoderma spp. as plant-growth stimulants. Biotechnology 1988;7:97-106. https://doi.org/10.3109/07388558809150724

20. Woodstock LW. Proceedings of the International Seed Technology Association (ISTA); 1969. p. 273-80.

21. Reyes-Ramirez A, Escudero-Abarca BI, Aguilar-Uscanga G, Hayward-Jones PM, Corona JE. Antifungal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis chitinase and its potential for the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi in soybean seeds. J Food Sci 2004;69:M131-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb10721.x