Dating back over 3 billion years, the history of life on Earth is well-documented, and for more than 80% of its existence, the Earth's atmosphere and supracrustal sections have undergone changes, maintenance, and recirculation since the inception of life. The changes that occurred in the ecosystem have always modulated the climate during the Cretaceous period and the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age. The continuous changes in the Earth have revealed drastic shifts in the carbon cycle over the past 400 million years, which resulted in the colonisation of plants on the planet. Changes in the chemistry of seawater were also observed, indicating a shift in the global formation of clay from oceans to land. Since the climate system has been changed several times, the present ecosystem is at the brink of its ability to fulfil the necessities of the ever-increasing population, with the challenges including pollution, global hunger, climate change, land degradation, social inequalities, and uncontrolled human anthropogenic activities. The tools of biotechnology also help in bioremediating the deteriorated soil and water bodies. Biotechnology encompasses various tools, with microbes being one of the most important. The techniques have also been known to be cost-effective, which also lowers the overall cost of green products. In the agriculture sector, the biotechnologically produced sustainable products, i.e., biofertilizers and biopesticides, help in crop protection and production without the use of chemical products. In the energy sector, biofuel production is a remarkable invention, as fossil fuels are drastically depleting and their usage leads to a massive amount of pollution. On the other hand, in industrial sectors, biotechnology tools produce biodegradable dyes, medicines, and food products. The present editorial offers insights into biotechnology across various sectors, including agriculture, the environment, food, energy, and pharmaceuticals.
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