Research Article | Volume 10, Supplement 2, July, 2022
Process optimization for efficacious biodecolorization of crystal violet by Malaysian Rhodococcus pyridinivorans using monothetic analysis
Environmental concern over the discharge of improperly treated textile wastewater has been on the rise. The present study explored the use of the limitedly studied, tropical Rhodococcus pyridinivorans for the decolorization of crystal violet, a typically encountered dye in the textile industry. The effect of agitation speed, temperature, pH, nutritional source, initial dye concentration, and size of inoculum on crystal violet removal were evaluated using one-factor-at-a-time method. Decolorization of 0.6 mM crystal violet carried out at agitated mode showed 73 ± 3% crystal violet removal efficiency in comparison to static mode (43 ± 2%) after 24 h. This crystal violet removal efficiency escalated to 91 ± 2% after optimizing the culture conditions at 45°C and pH 7 using maltose as carbon source and 12% (v/v) size of inoculum. Furthermore, the optimization process reduced the incubation time to achieve almost complete decolorization by 67%. Ultraviolet–visible analysis revealed that the decolorization of crystal violet primarily occurred through biodegradation. The findings from this study validated the potential of R. pyridinivorans as an effective biocatalyst to remediate crystal violet. R. pyridinivorans will be attempted to decolorize different triphenylmethane dyes, namely, malachite green in future studies.
Maniyam MN, Azman HH, Abdullah H, Yaacob NS. Process optimization for efficacious biodecolorization of crystal violet by Malaysian Rhodococcus pyridinivorans using monothetic analysis. J App Biol Biotech. 2022;10(Suppl 2):107-113. DOI: 10.7324/JABB.2022.10s212
1. Al-Garni SM, Ghanem KM, Kabli SA, Biag AK. Decolorization of crystal violet by mono and mixed bacterial culture techniques using optimized culture conditions. Pol J Environ Stud 2013;22:1297-306. | |
2. Ali HM, Shehata SF, Ramadan KM. Microbial decolorization and degradation of crystal violet dye by Aspergillus niger. Int J Environ Sci Technol 2016;13:2917-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-1117-x | |
3. Morales-Álvarez ED, Rivera-Hoyos CM, Poveda-Cuevas SA, Reyes-Guzmán EA, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM, Reyes-Montaño EA, et al. Malachite green and crystal violet decolorization by Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus supernatant and by rGlLCC1 and rPOXA 1B concentrates: Molecular docking analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018;184:794-805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2560-y | |
4. Rojas-Valencia OG, Estrada-Flores M, Reza-San-Germán CM, Ledezma-Martínez JL, Hernández-Fuentes J. High removal of toxic crystal violet dye using a thermally treated activated carbon fiber felt. Rev Mex Ing Quim 2021;20:Mat2444. https://doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/Mat2444 | |
5. Gul A, Ullah R, Sun J, Munir T, Bai S. Synthesis of mesoporous TiO2/BMMs via hydrothermal method and its potential application toward adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet from aqueous solution. Arab J Chem 2022;15:103530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103530 | |
6. Li G, Peng L, Ding Z, Liu Y, Gu Z, Zhang L, et al. Decolorization and biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes by a novel Rhodococcus qingshengii JB301 isolated from sawdust. Ann Microbiol 2014;64:1575-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-014-0801-7 | |
7. Talha MA, Goswami M, Giri BS, Sharma A, Rai BN, Singh RS. Bioremediation of congo red dye in immobilized batch and continuous packed bed bioreactor by Brevibacillus parabrevis using coconut shell bio-char. Bioresour Technol 2018;252:37-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.081 | |
8. Mohanty SS, Kumar A. Enhanced degradation of anthraquinone dyes by microbial monoculture and developed consortium through the production of specific enzymes. Sci Rep 2021;11:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87227-6 | |
9. Sjahrir F, Maniyam MN, Ibrahim AL, Cass AE. Biotransformation of acrylonitrile using immobilized cells of Rhodococcus UKMP-5M as biocatalyst. Indian J Fund Appl Life Sci 2016;6:58-67. | |
10. Tengku-Mazuki TA, Subramaniam K, Zakaria NN, Convey P, Khalil KA, Lee GL, et al. Optimization of phenol degradation by Antarctic bacterium Rhodococcus sp. Antarct Sci 2020;32:486-95. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102020000358 | |
11. Ibrahim S, Khalil KA, Zahri KN, Gomez-Fuentes C, Convey P, Zulkharnain A, et al. Biosurfactant production and growth kinetics studies of the waste canola oil-degrading bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis AQ5-07 from Antarctica. Molecules 2020;25:3878. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173878 | |
12. Suhaila YN, Hasdianty A, Maegala NM, Aqlima A, Hazwan AH, Rosfarizan M, et al. Biotransformation using resting cells of Rhodococcus UKMP-5M for phenol degradation. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 2019;21:101309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101309 | |
13. Zhuang M, Sanganyado E, Zhang X, Xu L, Zhu J, Liu W, et al. Azo dye degrading bacteria tolerant to extreme conditions inhabit nearshore ecosystems: Optimization and degradation pathways. J Environ Manag 2020;261:110222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110222 | |
14. Singh V, Haque S, Niwas R, Srivastava A, Pasupuleti M, Tripathi C. Strategies for fermentation medium optimization: An in-depth review. Front Microbiol 2017;7:2087. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02087 | |
15. Hasdianty A, Suhaila YN, Hazwan AH, Maniyam MN, Fadzli AM, Ibrahim AL. Inferring the evolutionary relationship of 23 Malaysian Rhodococcus isolates with potential as cholesterol degrading bacteria. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 2020;30:101840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101840 | |
16. Bharagava RN, Mani S, Mulla SI, Saratale GD. Degradation and decolourization potential of an ligninolytic enzyme producing Aeromonas hydrophila for crystal violet dye and its phytotoxicity evaluation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018;156:166-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.012 | |
17. Gao T, Qin D, Zuo S, Peng Y, Xu J, Yu B, et al. Decolorization and detoxification of triphenylmethane dyes by isolated endophytic fungus, Bjerkandera adusta SWUSI4 under non-nutritive conditions. Bioresour Bioprocess 2020;7:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-020-00340-8 | |
18. Ngo AC, Conrad C, Baraibar ÁG, Matura A, Van Pee KH, Tischler D. Characterization of two hydrogen peroxide resistant peroxidases from Rhodococcus opacus 1CP. Appl Sci 2021;11:7941. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11177941 | |
19. Vignali E, Tonin F, Pollegioni L, Rosini E. Characterization and use of a bacterial lignin peroxidase with an improved manganese-oxidative activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018;102:10579-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9409-3 | |
20. Singh R, Grigg JC, Qin W, Kadla JF, Murphy ME, Eltis LD. Improved manganese-oxidizing activity of DypB, a peroxidase from a lignolytic bacterium. ACS Chem Biol 2013;8:700-6. https://doi.org/10.1021/cb300608x | |
21. Chen CC, Liao HJ, Cheng CY, Yen CY, Chung YC. Biodegradation of crystal violet by Pseudomonas putida. Biotechnol Lett 2007;29:391-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-006-9265-6 | |
22. Ayed L, Cheriaa J, Laadhari N, Cheref A, Bakhrouf A. Biodegradation of crystal violet by an isolated Bacillus sp. Ann Microbiol 2009;59:267-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03178327 | |
23. Maniyam MN, Hari M, Yaacob NS. Enhanced methylene blue decolourization by Rhodococcus strain UCC 0003 grown in banana peel agricultural waste through response surface methodology. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 2020;23:101486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101486 | |
24. Adenan NH, Lim YY, Ting, AS. Nocardiopsis sp. for the removal of triphenylmethane dyes: Decolorization and optimization studies. Water Air Soil Pollut 2021;232:1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05377-9 | |
25. Cao DJ, Wang JJ, Zhang Q, Wen YZ, Dong B, Liu RJ, et al. Biodegradation of triphenylmethane dye crystal violet by Cedecea davisae. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019;210:9-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.11.004 | |
26. Wi?niewska KM, Twarda-Clapa A, Bia?kowska AM. Screening of novel laccase producers-isolation and characterization of cold-adapted laccase from Kabatiella bupleuri G3 capable of synthetic dye decolorization. Biomolecules 2021;11:828. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060828 | |
27. Gan L, Cheng Y, Palanisami T, Chen Z, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Pathways of reductive degradation of crystal violet in wastewater using free-strain Burkholderia vietnamiensis C09V. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2014;21:10339-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3037-y | |
28. Saratale RG, Gandhi SS, Purankar MV, Kurade MB, Govindwar SP, Oh SE, et al. Decolorization and detoxification of sulfonated azo dye CI Remazol red and textile effluent by isolated Lysinibacillus sp. RGS. J Biosci Bioeng 2013;115:658-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.12.009 | |
29. Shanmugam S, Ulaganathan P, Sivasubramanian S, Esakkimuthu S, Krishnaswamy S, Subramaniam S. Trichoderma asperellum laccase mediated crystal violet degradation-Optimization of experimental conditions and characterization. J Environ Chem Eng 2017;5:222-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.11.044 | |
30. Jakhrani BA, Phulpoto IA, Phulpoto AH, Babar MM, Panhyar AA, Channa N, et al. Improved decolorization of triphenylmethane dyes by halo-thermotolerant bacteria isolated from hypersaline environments. Int J Environ Sci Technol 2021;18:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03320-3 | |
31. Maniyam MN, Sjahrir F, Ibrahim AL, Cass AE. Biodegradation of cyanide by acetonitrile-induced cells of Rhodococcus sp. UKMP-5M. J Gen Appl Microbiol 2013;59:393-404. https://doi.org/10.2323/jgam.59.393 | |
Year
Month
Rapid decolorization of synthetic melanoidin by bacterial extract and their mediated silver nanoparticles as support
R. Palani velana, P.M. Ayyasamya, R. Kathiravanb, B. SubashnicIsolation and screening of dye decolorizing bacteria from industrial effluent
Mayur Gahlout, Poonam Chauhan, Hiren Prajapati, Suman Saroj, Poonam NaraleDecolorization and total nitrogen removal from batik effluent using alginate immobilized freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp.
Mohd Asyraf Kassim, Nur-Aien Fatini Abdul Latif, Noor-Haza Fazlin HashimDecolorization of azo dyes by newly isolated Citrobacter sp. strain EBT-2 and effect of various parameters on decolourization
Ira Thapa, Smriti GaurBioremediation of hazardous azo dye methyl red by a newly isolated Enterobacter asburiae strain JCM6051 from industrial effluent of Uttarakhand regions
Swati, Padma SinghBioremediation of textile dyeing industry effluent from small-scale industries using a microbial consortium of Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger
Shobina Kannan, Jegathambal Palanichamy,, T. Sugitha, C. MayilsamiDecolorization of selected industrial synthetic dyes using laccase from an indigenous isolate strain SK1
Maegala Nallapan Maniyam,, Primeela Gunalan,, Hazeeq Hazman Azman, Hasdianty Abdullah,, Nor Suhaila Yaacob,Isolation and optimization of alkaline protease producing Bacteria from undisturbed soil of NE-region of India falling under Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspots
Onkar Nath Tiwari, Thiyam Bidyababy Devi, Kangjam Sarabati Devi, Gunapati Oinam, Thingujam Indrama, Keithellakpam Ojit, Oinam Avijeet, Lakreiphy NingshenMedium Formulation and its optimization for increased protease production by Penicillium sp. LCJ228 and its potential in blood stain removal
V. Benluvankar, S. Evelyne Priya, J. Joel GnanadossStudies on the Optimization of Lipase Production by Rhizopus sp. ZAC3 Isolated from the Contaminated Soil of a Palm Oil Processing Shed
Zainab Adenike Ayinla, Adedeji Nelson Ademakinwa, Femi Kayode AgboolaScreening and optimization of culture conditions of Nannochloropsis gaditana for omega 3 fatty acid production
S. Abirami, S. Murugesan, V. Sivamurugan, S. Narender SivaswamySubstrate optimization for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus on lignocellulosic wastes (coffee, sawdust, and sugarcane bagasse) in Mizan–Tepi University, Tepi Campus, Tepi Town
Dagnew Bitew Tarko, Abel Mandefro SirnaResponse of green synthesized drug blended silver nanoparticles against periodontal disease triggering pathogenic microbiota
Neeraj Kumar Fuloria, Shivkanya Fuloria, Kok Yik Chia, Sundram Karupiah, Kathiresan SathasivamFactors affecting the chitinase activity of Trichoderma asperellum isolated from agriculture field soils
Ndiogou Gueye, G Kranthi Kumar, Malick Ndiaye, S Y Dienaba Sall, Mame Arama Fall Ndiaye, Tahir A Diop, M Raghu RamIsolation, identification, and optimization of laccase from Alternaria alternata
Asha T. Thakkar, Shreyas A. BhattOptimization of physical parameters for the growth and lipid production in Nannochloropsis gaditana (Lubian, 1982)
Shyni MarKose, Ajan Chellappan, Praba Thangamani, Subilal George, Selvaraj Thangaswamy, Citarasu Thavasimuthu, Michaelbabu MariavincentProduction and optimization of enzyme xylanase by Aspergillus flavus using agricultural waste residues
Jyoti Richhariya, Tirthesh Kumar Sharma, Sippy DassaniMedia optimization studies and production of adenosylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) by environment friendly organism Rhizobium spp
Neha Nohwar, Rahul V. Khandare, Neetin S. DesaiAmylase production by Aspergillus niger in submerged cultivation using cassava
Muralikandhan Kamaraj, Dhanasekaran SubramaniamStatistical optimization of chitinase production by Box–Behnken design in submerged fermentation using Bacillus cereus GS02
Garima Dukariya, Anil KumarProduction and purification of extracellular fungal cellulases using agricultural waste
Abishna Burugu, Dheerendra Kumar Suman, Chandrasekhar ChandaOptimization and statistical modeling of microbial cellulase production using submerged culture
Pratibha Maravi, Anil KumarIsolation and identification of bacteria with cellulose-degrading potential from soil and optimization of cellulase production
Shweta Ashok Bhagat, Seema Sambhaji KokitkarOptimization of extraction conditions of phytochemical compounds in “Xiem” banana peel powder using response surface methodology
Ngo Van Tai, Mai Nhat Linh, Nguyen Minh ThuyOptimization of ingredient levels of reduced-calorie blackberry jam using response surface methodology
Nguyen Minh Thuy, Huynh Manh Tan , Ngo Van TaiCloning and expression of a GH11 xylanase from Bacillus pumilus SSP-34 in Pichia pastoris GS115: Purification and characterization
Sagar Krishna Bhat,, Kavya Purushothaman, Appu Rao Gopala Rao Appu Rao, K Ramachandra KiniMedia optimization for the production of alkaline protease by Bacillus cereus PW3A using response surface methodology
Gururaj B. Tennalli, Soumya Garawadmath, Lisa Sequeira, Shreya Murudi, Vaibhavi Patil, Manisha N. Divate, Basavaraj S. HungundStatistical optimization of asparaginase production by a novel isolated bacterium Brevibacillus borstelensis ML12 using Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology
Rupkatha Mukherjee, Debabrata BeraEstablishment of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. callus and optimization of cell suspension culture for the production of anti-Parkinson’s drug: L-DOPA
B. Rakesh, N. PraveenProduction and characterization of bacterial cellulose scaffold from Acetobacter sp. for tissue engineering
R. Jenet Saranya, C. Vani, S. GobikrishnanFermentation medium optimization for the 1,4-ß-Endoxylanase production from Bacillus pumilus using agro-industrial waste
Varsha D. Savanth, B. S. Gowrishankar, K. B. RoopaNovel use of probiotic as acetylcholine esterase inhibitor and a new strategy for activity optimization as a biotherapeutic agent
Abdulrahman M. Qadah, Amr A. El-Waseif, Heba YehiaEffect of foaming agents and dilution ratio on the foaming properties of Artemia franciscana biomass puree
Nguyen Ngoc Huong Anh, Nguyen Thi Kim Xuyen, Nguyen Hoang Thuy Quyen, Nguyen Hoang Yen Vi, Nguyen Huynh Anh, Nguyen Minh Thuy, Nguyen Van HoaA low-cost production, characterization, and application of raw starch degrading enzyme from the thermophilic filamentous bacterium, Laceyella sacchari P43
Wanthanee Khetkorn, Ausawadee Phonlamai, Chatsuda Sakdapetsiri, Vichien Kitpreechavanich, Thanasak LomthongResponse surface methodology for rapid removal of an azo dye methyl orange by indigenous bacterial strain (Bacillus cereus J4)
Jyoti Rani, Surojit Bera, Vinita Gaur, Joginder Singh, Umesh Goutam,Screening and statistical optimization of anti-cancer L-methionase enzyme produced by Aspergillus fumigatus MF13 using response surface methodology
Roshni Rajpara, Anmol KumarLaccase production by Myrothecium gramineum and its optimization under solid state fermentation using cowpea pod as substrate
V. Daphne Vivienne Gnanasalomi, J. Joel Gnanadoss