Effect of GA3 treatments and sowing conditions on ex situ seed germination of Oroxylum indicum (L) Benth. Ex Kurz: A threatened high value medicinal plant

Aseesh Pandey; Ngalengshim Ngashangva; Sushma Tamta

doi:10.7324/JABB.2018.60302

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to observe the effect of pre-sowing treatments of gibberellic acid (GA3 ) and different sowing conditions on ex situ seed germination of Oroxylum indicum. For this, after pre-sowing treatments, seeds were subjected to three different conditions for their germination. Results revealed that only GA3 treatments have no significantly different (P < 0.5) influence, on seed germination, to control. However, sowing conditions have significant (P < 0.5) influences on seed germination, and condition i (in vitro) found most suitable for the seed germination. Further, the synergistic influence of treatments and sowing conditions significantly (P < 0.5) enhanced the germination with rate. The 100 ± 00% seed germination within 7.92 ± 0.58 days having 10.5 ± 0.76 cm seedling height, and 1050 ± 76.38 seedling vigor was recorded in seeds treated with 50 µM GA3 for 24h and placed under condition (i). Well-developed seedlings were planted in the departmental garden with 90% survival rate. This effort will be helpful for the conservation of this endangered and high-value medicinal tree through ex situ reforestation programs, and to harness its potential sustainably.

Keyword: Oroxylum indicum Conservation GA3 Seed germination Ex situ.

Citation:

Pandey A, Ngashangva N, Tamta S. Effect of GA3 treatments and sowing conditions on ex situ seed germination of Oroxylum indicum (L) Benth. Ex Kurz: A threatened high value medicinal plant. J App Biol Biotech. 2018;6(3):9-14. DOI: 10.7324/JABB.2018.60302

Copyright: Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license.

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Reference

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2. Theobald WL. Bignoniaceae. In: Dassanayake, M.D., Fosberg, F.R. (Eds.), A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon. Amerind Publishing Co., Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi, India; 1981.
3. Sasidharan N. Biodiversity Documentation for Kerala—Flowering Plants. vol. 6. Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, India, 2004, pp.321–324
4. Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi; 1992 p. 182.
5. Ravikumar K, Ved DK. 100 Red listed Medicinal Plants of Conservation Concern in Southern India, FRLHT, Bangalore, India; 2000.
6. Joshi KK, Joshi SD. Genetic Heritage of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Nepal Himalayas. Buddha Academic Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd. Kathmandu, Nepal; 2001.
7. Biswas KP, Ghosh E. Bharater Bonoushodi, second ed.vol. 3. Calcutta University, Calcutta, 1994; p. 858.
8. Dinda B, SilSarma I, Dinda M, Rudrapaul P. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, an important Asian traditional medicine: from traditional uses to scientific data for its commercial exploitation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015; 161, 255-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.027
9. Karnati M, Chandra RH, Veeresham C, Kishan B. Anti-arthritic activity of root bark of Oroxylum indicum (L.) vent against adjuvant-induced arthritis. Pharmacognosy research, 2013; 5, (2): 121. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.110543
10. Zaveri M, Gohil P, Jain S. Immunostimulant activity of n-butanol fraction of root bark of Oroxylum indicum Vent. Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2006; 3, 83–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/15476910600725942
11. Knight DC, Eden JA. A review of the clinical effects of phytooestrogens. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1996; 87,897â€‘904.
12. Subramanian SS, Nair AG. Flavonoids of stem bark of Oroxylum indicum. Current Science, 1972; 41:62â€‘3.
13. Roy MK, Nakahara K, Na TV, Trakoontivakorn G, Takenaka M, Isobe S, et al. Baicalein, a flavonoid extracted from a methanolic extract of Oroxylum indicum inhibits proliferation of a cancer cell line in vitro via induction of apoptosis. Pharmazie, 2007; 62,149â€‘53.
14. Singh J, Kakkar P. Oroxylin A, a constituent of Oroxylum indicum inhibits adipogenesis and induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 cells. Phytomedicine, 2014; 21,(12): 1733-1741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.014
15. Yan Ri, Cao Y, Chen C, Dai F, Yu S, Wei J, Li H, Yang B. Antioxidant flavonoids from the seed of Oroxylum indicum. Fitoterapia, 2011; 82, 6: 841-848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.04.006
16. Chen L, Games DE, Jones J. Isolation and Identification of Four Flavonoid Constituents from the Seeds of Oroxylum indicum by High Speed Counter Current Chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 2003; 988, 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01954-4
17. Yasodha R, Ghosh M, Santan B, Gurumurthi K. Importance of Biotechnological Research in Tree Species of Dashmula. Indian Forester, 2004; 130, 79-88.
18. Anonymous. The Wealth of India: A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products. CSIR, New Delhi, India 1995; pp. 351.
19. Dhami N, Bhatt GD, Gurung S, Gurung R, Pant B, Joshi SD. In vitro Shoot Proliferation of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz. Botanica Orientalis, 2005; 5,1-2.
20. Jain SP, Singh J, Singh SC. Rare and Endangered Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Madhya Pradesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 2003; 27, 925-932.
21. Jayaram K, Prasad MNV. Genetic Diversity in Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent. (Bignoniaceae) A Vulnerable Medicinal Plant by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Marker. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008; 7, 254-262.
22. Gokhale M, Bansal YK. Direct in vitro regeneration of a medicinal tree Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. through tissue culture. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2009; 8, 3777-3781.
23. Tiwari S, Singh K, Shah P. In vitro propagation of Oroxylum indicum- An endangered medicinal tree. Biotechnology, 2007;6, 299-301. https://doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2007.299.301
24. Grabe D F. Tetrazolium testing handbook for agricultural seeds. Contribution Number 29 to the Handbook on seed testing. Association of Official Seed Analysts, North Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, 1970.
25. Pandey A and Tamta S. In vitro Propagation of the important Tasar Oak (Quercus serrata Thunb.) by Casein Hydrolysate Promoted High Frequency Shoot Proliferation. Journal of Sustainable Forestary 33:590–603, 2014 DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2014. 912587
26. Murashige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Plant Cell Physiology 1962; 15:473-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
27. Pandey A and Tamta S. Effect of pre-sowing treatments on seed germination in Quercus serrata Thunb. and Quercus semecarpifolia Sm. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 2013; 5: 791-795. DOI:10.5897/IJBC2013.0605.
28. ISTA. International rules for seed testing. Proceeding of the seed testing Association, 1976; 31: 1-52.
29. Singh M, Singh KK, Badola HK. Effect of Temperature and Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination Response of Oroxylum indicum-A High Value Threatened Medicinal Plant of Sikkim Himalaya. Journal of Plant Science and Research 2015; 1: 115.
30. Debeaujon I and Koornneef M. Gibberellin requirement for Arabidopsis seed germination is determined both by testa characteristics and embryonic abscisic acid. Plant physiology 2000; 122(2): 415-424. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.122.2.415
31. Groot SPC and Karssen CM. Gibberellins regulate seed germination in tomato by endosperm weakening: a study with gibberellin-deficient mutants. Planta 1987; 171(4):525-531. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392302
32. Evensen KB and Loy JB. Effects of gibberellic acid and gold light on germination, enzyme activities, and amino acid pool size in a dwarf strain of watermelon. Plant Physiology 1978; 62(1):6–9. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.62.1.6
33. Motsa MM, Slabbert MM, Van Averbeke W, Morey L. Effect of light and temperature on seed germination of selected African leafy vegetables. South African Journal of Botany 2015; 99:29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.03.185
34. Oh E, Yamaguchi S, Yuji Kamiya, Bae G, Chung WL, Choi G. Light activates the degradation of PIL5 protein to promote seed germination through gibberellin in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 2006; 47:124–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02773.x
35. Pandey A, Brijwal L, Tamta S, In vitro propagation and phytochemical assessment of Berberis chitria: An important medicinal shrub of Kumaun Himalaya, India. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 2013; 7: 930-937. DOI 10.5897/ JMPR13.4435
36. Bawa KS, Webb CJ. Flower, fruit and seed abortion in tropical forest trees: Implications for the evolution of paternal and maternal reproductive patterns. American Journal of Botany 1984; 71: 736-751. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1984.tb14181.x
37. Dalal NV, Rai VR. In vitro propagation of Oroxylum indicum Vent. a medicinally important forest tree. Journal of Forest Research, 2008; 9, (1): 61-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-003-0055-x
38. Bewley, J.D. and Black M. Seeds: Physiology of development and germination, p. 175– 236. Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1747-4_5
39. Mozer TJ. Control of protein synthesis in barley aleurone layers by the plant hormones gibberellic acid and abscisic acid. Cell,1980; 20:479-485 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(80)90634-0
40. Taylor A, Cosgrove DJ. Gibberellic acid stimulation of cucumber hypocotyl elongation. Plant Physiology 1989; 90:1335-1340. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.90.4.1335
41. Tillberg E. Levels of endogenous abscisic acid in achenes of Rosa rugosa during dormancy release and germination. Physiologia Plantarum 1983; 58:243-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb04176.x
42. Macchia M, Angelini LG, Ceccarini L. Methods to overcome seed dormancy in Echinacea angustifolia D.C. Scientia Horticulture 2001; 89:317–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00268-5
43. Mehrotra MD. A study on fungal deterioration of seed and damping off in Oroxylum indicum and their control. Indian Forester, 1990; 116: 977-979.
44. Pande BJ, Gupta RC. Role of seed mycoflora on seed germination of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. in Kumaun region of Indian Central Himalaya, International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 2011; 3:715-720.

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1. Gokhale M, Bansal YK. Cytological studies with reference to chromocenters in a monotypic, threatened medicinal tree Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Caryologia: International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics, 2012; 65:3, 171-175. DOI: 10.1080/00087114.2012.726502. https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2012.726502

2. Theobald WL. Bignoniaceae. In: Dassanayake, M.D., Fosberg, F.R. (Eds.), A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon. Amerind Publishing Co., Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi, India; 1981.

3. Sasidharan N. Biodiversity Documentation for Kerala—Flowering Plants. vol. 6. Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, India, 2004, pp.321–324

4. Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi; 1992 p. 182.

5. Ravikumar K, Ved DK. 100 Red listed Medicinal Plants of Conservation Concern in Southern India, FRLHT, Bangalore, India; 2000.

6. Joshi KK, Joshi SD. Genetic Heritage of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Nepal Himalayas. Buddha Academic Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd. Kathmandu, Nepal; 2001.

7. Biswas KP, Ghosh E. Bharater Bonoushodi, second ed.vol. 3. Calcutta University, Calcutta, 1994; p. 858.

8. Dinda B, SilSarma I, Dinda M, Rudrapaul P. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, an important Asian traditional medicine: from traditional uses to scientific data for its commercial exploitation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015; 161, 255-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.027

9. Karnati M, Chandra RH, Veeresham C, Kishan B. Anti-arthritic activity of root bark of Oroxylum indicum (L.) vent against adjuvant-induced arthritis. Pharmacognosy research, 2013; 5, (2): 121. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.110543

10. Zaveri M, Gohil P, Jain S. Immunostimulant activity of n-butanol fraction of root bark of Oroxylum indicum Vent. Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2006; 3, 83–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/15476910600725942

11. Knight DC, Eden JA. A review of the clinical effects of phytooestrogens. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1996; 87,897â€‘904.

12. Subramanian SS, Nair AG. Flavonoids of stem bark of Oroxylum indicum. Current Science, 1972; 41:62â€‘3.

13. Roy MK, Nakahara K, Na TV, Trakoontivakorn G, Takenaka M, Isobe S, et al. Baicalein, a flavonoid extracted from a methanolic extract of Oroxylum indicum inhibits proliferation of a cancer cell line in vitro via induction of apoptosis. Pharmazie, 2007; 62,149â€‘53.

14. Singh J, Kakkar P. Oroxylin A, a constituent of Oroxylum indicum inhibits adipogenesis and induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 cells. Phytomedicine, 2014; 21,(12): 1733-1741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.014

15. Yan Ri, Cao Y, Chen C, Dai F, Yu S, Wei J, Li H, Yang B. Antioxidant flavonoids from the seed of Oroxylum indicum. Fitoterapia, 2011; 82, 6: 841-848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.04.006

16. Chen L, Games DE, Jones J. Isolation and Identification of Four Flavonoid Constituents from the Seeds of Oroxylum indicum by High Speed Counter Current Chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 2003; 988, 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01954-4

17. Yasodha R, Ghosh M, Santan B, Gurumurthi K. Importance of Biotechnological Research in Tree Species of Dashmula. Indian Forester, 2004; 130, 79-88.

18. Anonymous. The Wealth of India: A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products. CSIR, New Delhi, India 1995; pp. 351.

19. Dhami N, Bhatt GD, Gurung S, Gurung R, Pant B, Joshi SD. In vitro Shoot Proliferation of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz. Botanica Orientalis, 2005; 5,1-2.

20. Jain SP, Singh J, Singh SC. Rare and Endangered Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Madhya Pradesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 2003; 27, 925-932.

21. Jayaram K, Prasad MNV. Genetic Diversity in Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent. (Bignoniaceae) A Vulnerable Medicinal Plant by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Marker. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008; 7, 254-262.

22. Gokhale M, Bansal YK. Direct in vitro regeneration of a medicinal tree Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. through tissue culture. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2009; 8, 3777-3781.

23. Tiwari S, Singh K, Shah P. In vitro propagation of Oroxylum indicum- An endangered medicinal tree. Biotechnology, 2007;6, 299-301. https://doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2007.299.301

24. Grabe D F. Tetrazolium testing handbook for agricultural seeds. Contribution Number 29 to the Handbook on seed testing. Association of Official Seed Analysts, North Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, 1970.

25. Pandey A and Tamta S. In vitro Propagation of the important Tasar Oak (Quercus serrata Thunb.) by Casein Hydrolysate Promoted High Frequency Shoot Proliferation. Journal of Sustainable Forestary 33:590–603, 2014 DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2014. 912587

26. Murashige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Plant Cell Physiology 1962; 15:473-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x

27. Pandey A and Tamta S. Effect of pre-sowing treatments on seed germination in Quercus serrata Thunb. and Quercus semecarpifolia Sm. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 2013; 5: 791-795. DOI:10.5897/IJBC2013.0605.

28. ISTA. International rules for seed testing. Proceeding of the seed testing Association, 1976; 31: 1-52.

29. Singh M, Singh KK, Badola HK. Effect of Temperature and Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination Response of Oroxylum indicum-A High Value Threatened Medicinal Plant of Sikkim Himalaya. Journal of Plant Science and Research 2015; 1: 115.

30. Debeaujon I and Koornneef M. Gibberellin requirement for Arabidopsis seed germination is determined both by testa characteristics and embryonic abscisic acid. Plant physiology 2000; 122(2): 415-424. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.122.2.415

31. Groot SPC and Karssen CM. Gibberellins regulate seed germination in tomato by endosperm weakening: a study with gibberellin-deficient mutants. Planta 1987; 171(4):525-531. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00392302

32. Evensen KB and Loy JB. Effects of gibberellic acid and gold light on germination, enzyme activities, and amino acid pool size in a dwarf strain of watermelon. Plant Physiology 1978; 62(1):6–9. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.62.1.6

33. Motsa MM, Slabbert MM, Van Averbeke W, Morey L. Effect of light and temperature on seed germination of selected African leafy vegetables. South African Journal of Botany 2015; 99:29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.03.185

34. Oh E, Yamaguchi S, Yuji Kamiya, Bae G, Chung WL, Choi G. Light activates the degradation of PIL5 protein to promote seed germination through gibberellin in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 2006; 47:124–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02773.x

35. Pandey A, Brijwal L, Tamta S, In vitro propagation and phytochemical assessment of Berberis chitria: An important medicinal shrub of Kumaun Himalaya, India. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 2013; 7: 930-937. DOI 10.5897/ JMPR13.4435

36. Bawa KS, Webb CJ. Flower, fruit and seed abortion in tropical forest trees: Implications for the evolution of paternal and maternal reproductive patterns. American Journal of Botany 1984; 71: 736-751. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1984.tb14181.x

37. Dalal NV, Rai VR. In vitro propagation of Oroxylum indicum Vent. a medicinally important forest tree. Journal of Forest Research, 2008; 9, (1): 61-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-003-0055-x

38. Bewley, J.D. and Black M. Seeds: Physiology of development and germination, p. 175– 236. Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1747-4_5

39. Mozer TJ. Control of protein synthesis in barley aleurone layers by the plant hormones gibberellic acid and abscisic acid. Cell,1980; 20:479-485 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(80)90634-0

40. Taylor A, Cosgrove DJ. Gibberellic acid stimulation of cucumber hypocotyl elongation. Plant Physiology 1989; 90:1335-1340. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.90.4.1335

41. Tillberg E. Levels of endogenous abscisic acid in achenes of Rosa rugosa during dormancy release and germination. Physiologia Plantarum 1983; 58:243-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb04176.x

42. Macchia M, Angelini LG, Ceccarini L. Methods to overcome seed dormancy in Echinacea angustifolia D.C. Scientia Horticulture 2001; 89:317–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00268-5

43. Mehrotra MD. A study on fungal deterioration of seed and damping off in Oroxylum indicum and their control. Indian Forester, 1990; 116: 977-979.

44. Pande BJ, Gupta RC. Role of seed mycoflora on seed germination of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. in Kumaun region of Indian Central Himalaya, International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 2011; 3:715-720.