Reference
1. Yates BD, Yates JD. Beekeeping study notes for the BBKA examination: Modules 1,2,3 and 4. vol. 1, 1996. Bee Books New and Old.
2. Molan PC, Russell KM. Non-peroxide antibacterial activity in some New Zealand honeys. J Apic Res. 1988; 27: 62-67.
3. Peter BO, Olufemi EA, Iyab. Honey: a reservoir for microorganisms and an inhibitory agent for microbes. African Health Sciences 2007; 7(3): 159-165.
4. Thompson GJ, Oldroyd, BP. Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the origin of eusociality in corbiculate bees. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 2004; 33: 452-456.
5. Winston ML. Killer Bees: The Africanized Honey Bee in the Americas. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Massachutes, USA. 1992; 176.
6. Peter C, Christophe A, Frans J, Mark V and Paul T. Apidaecins: antibacterial peptides from honeybees. The Embryo. 1989; 8(8): 2387-2391.
7. Hoffmann JA, Kafatos FC, Janawey CA, Ezekovitz RAB. Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity. Science. 1999; 284: 1313-1318.
8. Casteels P, Ampe C, Jacobs F, Vaek M, Tempst P. - Apidaecins: antibacterial peptides from honey bees. The EMBO. (1989); 8: 2387-2391.
9. Casteels P, Ampe C, Riviere L,Damme JV, Elicone C, Fleming M, Jacobs F, Tempst P. 1990. Isolation and characterization of abaecin, a major antibacterial peptide in the honey bees (Apis mellifera). Eur. J. Biochem. v. 187, p. 381-386.
10. Casteels P, Ampe C, Jacobs F, Tempst P. Functional and chemical characterization of hymenoptaecin, an antibacterial polypeptide that is infection inducible in the honey bees (Apis mellifera). J.Biol. Chem. 1993; 268: 7044-7054.
11. Ilyasov RA, Gaifullina LR, Saltykova ES, Poskryakov AV and Nikolaenko AG. Defensins in the Honeybee Antiinfectious Protection. Journal of evolutionary biochemistry and physiology. 2013; 49 (1).
12. Casteels-josson K, Zhang W, Capaci T, Casteels P, Tempst P. Acute transcriptional response of the honey bee’s peptide-antibiotics gene repertoire, required posttranslational conversion of the precursor structures. J. Biol. Chem. 1994; 269: 28569-28575.
13. Gilliam M, Prest DB. Microbiology of feces of the larval honey bee, Apis mellifera. Jinvert Pathol. 1987; 49: 70-5.
14. Bulet P, Hetru C, Dimarcq JL, Hoffmann D. Antimicrobial peptides in insects; structure and function. DeComposition Immunology. 1999; 23: 329-344.
15. Farouk A, Nawi M, Hassan S. Antibacterial peptides from Euycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) and Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah) leaves in Malaysia. Sci. Brun. 2008; 9: 55-63.
16. Chernysh SI, Gordya NA, Filatova NA. Sacrificial mechanisms of insects: the rate of molecular and phenotypic evolution. Genetics Research. 1999; 12: 52-59.
17. Aronstein KA, Murray KD. Chalkbrood disease in honey bees. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 2010; 103: 20-29.
18. Dunn PE. Biochemical aspects of insect immunology. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1986; 31: 321-339.
19. Boman and Hultmark, Boman, HG and Hultmark D. Cell-Free Immunity in Insects. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 1987; 41: 103-126.
20. Dimarcq JL, Keppi E, Dunbar B, Lambert J, Reichhart JM, Hoffmann D, Rankine, SM, Fothergill JE, Hoffmann JA. Eur. J. Biochem. 1988; 171: 17-22.
21. Matsuyama K and Natori K. Purification and Characterization of N-β-Alanyl-5-S-glutathionyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, a Novel Antibacterial Substance of Sarcophag aperegrina (Flesh Fly) J. Biol. Chem. 1988; 263: 17112-17116.
22. Lambert J, Keppi E, Dimarcq JL, Wicker C, Reichhart JM, Dunbar B, Lepage P, Van Dorsselaer A, Hoffmann J, Fothergill J.and Hoffmann D. Insect immunity: isolation from immune blood of the dipteran Phormiaterranovae of two insect antibacterial peptides with sequence homology to rabbit lung macrophage bactericidal peptides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1989; 86: 262-266.
23. The Ministry of Agriculture of Turkey, The Technical Guide of Agricultural Control, T.C. Ankara, Turkey. 1995; 5: 117-121.
24. Huang, Tian B, Niu Q, Yang J, Zhang L, Zhang K. An extracellular protease from Brevibacillus laterosporus G4 without parasporal crystals can serve as a pathogenic factor in infection of nematodes Res Microbiol. 2005; 156 (5-6): 719-27.
25. Carina Audisioa M, MarıÌa JT, Daniela CS, Carolina I, MarıÌa CA. Properties of different lactic acid bacteria isolated from Apis mellifera L. Bee-gut. Microbiological Researc. 2011; 166: 1-13.
26. Rousseau M, Tysset C, Durand C. Presence of streptococci of the Lancefield D group in healthy working bees (Alpis mellifica L.). Interpretation of their presence in alimen-tary bacteriology. Bull Acad Vet Fr. 1969; 42: 173-8.
27. Gilliam M, Morton HL. Bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus isolated from honey bees, Apis mellifera, fed 2, 4-D and antibiotics. Apidologie. 1978; 9: 213-22.
28. Rada V, Ma chova M, Huk J, Marounek M, Duskova B. Microflora in the honey bee digestive tract: count, characteristics and sensitivity to veterinary drugs. Apidologie. 1997; 28: 357-65.
29. Mohr KI, Tebbe C. Diversity and phylotype consistency of a certain the guts of three bee species (Apoidea) at an oil seed rape field. EnvironMicrobiol. 2006; 8: 258-72.
30. Queenie WT Chan, Andony PM, Stephen FP and Leonard JF. The innate immune and systemic response in honey bees to a bacterial pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae. BMC Genomics. 2009; 10: 387, p. 1-9.
31. Farouk A, Banaja A, Thoufeek AN, Alzahrani O, Bazaid S. Afr. J. Micrbiol. Res. 2014; 8(50) : 3913-3917.
32. Carmelina FM, Jack BS, Daniel P, Peter B. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of honeybee (Apis mellifera ligustica) propolis from subtropical eastern Australia. The Science of Nature. 2015; 102(68):1-11.
33. Andrews JM.; Andrews. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2001; 48(1): 5-16.
34. Turnidge JD, Ferraro MJ, Jorgen JH. Susceptibility test methods: General considerations. Manual of Clinical. Microbiol. 2003; 8: 219-223.
35. Sambrook J, Russel DW. Molecular cloning, a Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 2001.
36. Collins et a.l, Collins CH, Lynes PM, Grange JM. Microbiological Methods (7th edition). Butter wont-Heinemann Ltd, Britian. 1995; p 175-190.
37. Farouk AE, Benafri A. Antibacterial activity of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. A Malaysian medicinal plant. Saudi Med. J. 2007; 28: 1422-1424.
38. Farouk A, Ghouse, FA, Ridzwan BH. New bacterial species isolated from Malaysian sea cucumbers with optimized secreted antibacterial activity. Am. J. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2007; 3(2) : 60-65.
39. Barret J, Bernnan J, Moran N and Patton T. Use of a spectrometric bioassay for determination of microbial sensitivity to Manuka honey. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 2006; 64(1): 84-95.
40. Al-Waili NS. Topical honey applications vs. Acyclovir for the treatment of recurrent Herpes simplex lesions. Diagnosis and Medical Technology. 2004; 10(8): MT94-MT98.