Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale, deals with particles sizes between 1 and 100 nanometer at least one dimension. Particle size reduced to nanometer length scale exhibit high surface area to volume size ratio thus showing unusual properties makes them enable for systematic applications in engineering, biomedical, agricultural and allied sectors. Nanomaterial can create from bottom up or top down approaches using physical, chemical and biological mode of synthesis. Intentionally created nanoparticles are much useful to mitigate the chronic problem of moisture retention in arid soils and enhance crop production by increasing the availability of nutrients in rhizosphere.